Names & Taxonomy
- Uniprot ID:
- P80511
- Entry Name:
- S10AC_HUMAN
- Status:
- reviewed
- Protein Names:
- Protein S100-A12 (CGRP) (Calcium-binding protein in amniotic fluid 1) (CAAF1) (Calgranulin-C) (CAGC) (Extracellular newly identified RAGE-binding protein) (EN-RAGE) (Migration inhibitory factor-related protein 6) (MRP-6) (p6) (Neutrophil S100 protein) (S100 calcium-binding protein A12) [Cleaved into: Calcitermin]
- Gene Names:
- S100A12
- Gene Names Primary:
- S100A12
- Organism:
- Homo sapiens (Human)
Structure
- Length:
- 92
- Sequence:
- MTKLEEHLEGIVNIFHQYSVRKGHFDTLSKGELKQLLTKELANTIKNIKDKAVIDEIFQGLDANQDEQVDFQEFISLVAIALKAAHYHTHKE
- Proteomes:
- UP000005640
Subcellular location
- Subcellular Location:
- Secreted
Function
- Function:
- S100A12 is a calcium-, zinc- and copper-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. Its proinflammatory activity involves recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of cell adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1. Acts as a monocyte and mast cell chemoattractant. Can stimulate mast cell degranulation and activation which generates chemokines, histamine and cytokines inducing further leukocyte recruitment to the sites of inflammation. Can inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases; MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 by chelating Zn(2+) from their active sites. Possesses filariacidal and filariastatic activity. Calcitermin possesses antifungal activity against C.albicans and is also active against E.coli and P.aeruginosa but not L.monocytogenes and S.aureus.
- Cross Reference Drug Bank:
- DB01025 DB00768
- Gene Ontology Go:
- cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
cytosol
extracellular region
nucleus
plasma membrane
calcium ion binding
copper ion binding
RAGE receptor binding
zinc ion binding
cytokine secretion
defense response to bacterium
defense response to fungus
inflammatory response
innate immune response
killing of cells of other organism
mast cell activation
monocyte chemotaxis
neutrophil chemotaxis
positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
positive regulation of inflammatory response
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
xenobiotic metabolic process - Gene Ontology Biological Process:
- cytokine secretion
defense response to bacterium
defense response to fungus
inflammatory response
innate immune response
killing of cells of other organism
mast cell activation
monocyte chemotaxis
neutrophil chemotaxis
positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
positive regulation of inflammatory response
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
xenobiotic metabolic process - Gene Ontology Molecular Function:
- calcium ion binding
copper ion binding
RAGE receptor binding
zinc ion binding - Gene Ontology Cellular Component:
- cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
cytosol
extracellular region
nucleus
plasma membrane - Keywords:
- 3D-structure
Antibiotic
Antimicrobial
Calcium
Cell membrane
Complete proteome
Copper
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Direct protein sequencing
Fungicide
Immunity
Inflammatory response
Innate immunity
Membrane
Metal-binding
Reference proteome
Repeat
Secreted
Zinc