Names & Taxonomy
- Uniprot ID:
- P62136
- Entry Name:
- PP1A_HUMAN
- Status:
- reviewed
- Protein Names:
- Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit (PP-1A) (EC 3.1.3.16)
- Gene Names:
- PPP1CA PPP1A
- Gene Names Primary:
- PPP1CA
- Organism:
- Homo sapiens (Human)
Structure
- Length:
- 330
- Sequence:
- MSDSEKLNLDSIIGRLLEVQGSRPGKNVQLTENEIRGLCLKSREIFLSQPILLELEAPLKICGDIHGQYYDLLRLFEYGGFPPESNYLFLGDYVDRGKQSLETICLLLAYKIKYPENFFLLRGNHECASINRIYGFYDECKRRYNIKLWKTFTDCFNCLPIAAIVDEKIFCCHGGLSPDLQSMEQIRRIMRPTDVPDQGLLCDLLWSDPDKDVQGWGENDRGVSFTFGAEVVAKFLHKHDLDLICRAHQVVEDGYEFFAKRQLVTLFSAPNYCGEFDNAGAMMSVDETLMCSFQILKPADKNKGKYGQFSGLNPGGRPITPPRNSAKAKK
- Proteomes:
- UP000005640
Subcellular location
- Subcellular Location:
- Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Nucleus, nucleoplasm. Nucleus, nucleolus. Note=Primarily nuclear and largely excluded from the nucleolus. Highly mobile in cells and can be relocalized through interaction with targeting subunits. NOM1 plays a role in targeting this protein to the nucleolus. In the presence of PPP1R8 relocalizes from the nucleus to nuclear speckles.
Function
- Function:
- Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. May play an important role in dephosphorylating substrates such as the postsynaptic density-associated Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II. Component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, which plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase. Regulates NEK2 function in terms of kinase activity and centrosome number and splitting, both in the presence and absence of radiation-induced DNA damage. Regulator of neural tube and optic fissure closure, and enteric neural crest cell (ENCCs) migration during development. In balance with CSNK1D and CSNK1E, determines the circadian period length, through the regulation of the speed and rhythmicity of PER1 and PER2 phosphorylation. May dephosphorylate CSNK1D and CSNK1E. Dephosphorylates the 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3 in regulatory T-cells (Treg) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective (PubMed:23396208).
- Catalytic Activity:
- -serine/threonine phosphate + H(2)O = -serine/threonine + phosphate.
- Cofactor:
- COFACTOR: Name=Fe cation; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:24875;
- Enzyme Regulation:
- ENZYME REGULATION: The phosphatase activity of the PPP1R15A-PP1 complex toward EIF2S1 is specifically inhibited by Salubrinal, a drug that protects cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress.
- Active Site:
- ACT_SITE 125 125 Proton donor.
- Gene Ontology Go:
- cytoplasm
cytosol
dendritic spine
extracellular exosome
glycogen granule
MLL5-L complex
nucleolus
nucleoplasm
nucleus
perikaryon
plasma membrane
protein phosphatase type 1 complex
PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex
metal ion binding
phosphatase activity
phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
ribonucleoprotein complex binding
beta-catenin destruction complex disassembly
branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube
cell cycle
cell division
circadian regulation of gene expression
dephosphorylation
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod
glycogen metabolic process
lung development
negative regulation of protein binding
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand
protein dephosphorylation
regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
regulation of circadian rhythm
regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
regulation of glycogen catabolic process
regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation
small molecule metabolic process
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
triglyceride catabolic process - Gene Ontology Biological Process:
- beta-catenin destruction complex disassembly
branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube
cell cycle
cell division
circadian regulation of gene expression
dephosphorylation
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod
glycogen metabolic process
lung development
negative regulation of protein binding
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand
protein dephosphorylation
regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
regulation of circadian rhythm
regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
regulation of glycogen catabolic process
regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation
small molecule metabolic process
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
triglyceride catabolic process - Gene Ontology Molecular Function:
- metal ion binding
phosphatase activity
phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity
ribonucleoprotein complex binding - Gene Ontology Cellular Component:
- cytoplasm
cytosol
dendritic spine
extracellular exosome
glycogen granule
MLL5-L complex
nucleolus
nucleoplasm
nucleus
perikaryon
plasma membrane
protein phosphatase type 1 complex
PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex - Keywords:
- 3D-structure
Acetylation
Alternative splicing
Carbohydrate metabolism
Cell cycle
Cell division
Complete proteome
Cytoplasm
Direct protein sequencing
Glycogen metabolism
Hydrolase
Manganese
Metal-binding
Nucleus
Phosphoprotein
Protein phosphatase
Reference proteome - Interacts With:
- P31749; O14727; O15169; P38398; Q8NG31; O95400; P12830; Q8TEP8; Q9NX63; O08785; Q6PJW8; Q96S65; Q9H175; Q92796; P55199; Q9BZS1; Q5S007; O00566; Q96KQ4; Q8WUF5; Q5SWA1; P41236; Q5T8A7; Q86WC6; Q6NXS1; Q7Z5V6; O75864; Q12972; Q96SB3; P60484; P06400; P36313; A8K8P3; Q562F6; Q9H788; Q8TEC5; P63208; Q7Z699; Q9HCH5; Q14C87; Q13625; Q8TEL6; P49815; Q9H4A3; Q9HBF4; O95405