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Names & Taxonomy

Uniprot ID:: P12821
Entry Name:: ACE_HUMAN
Status:: reviewed
Protein Names:: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.2.1.-) (EC 3.4.15.1) (Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I) (Kininase II) (CD antigen CD143) [Cleaved into: Angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble form]
Gene Names:: ACE DCP DCP1
Gene Names Primary:: ACE
Organism:: Homo sapiens (Human)

Structure

Length:: 1306
Sequence:: MGAASGRRGPGLLLPLPLLLLLPPQPALALDPGLQPGNFSADEAGAQLFAQSYNSSAEQVLFQSVAASWAHDTNITAENARRQEEAALLSQEFAEAWGQKAKELYEPIWQNFTDPQLRRIIGAVRTLGSANLPLAKRQQYNALLSNMSRIYSTAKVCLPNKTATCWSLDPDLTNILASSRSYAMLLFAWEGWHNAAGIPLKPLYEDFTALSNEAYKQDGFTDTGAYWRSWYNSPTFEDDLEHLYQQLEPLYLNLHAFVRRALHRRYGDRYINLRGPIPAHLLGDMWAQSWENIYDMVVPFPDKPNLDVTSTMLQQGWNATHMFRVAEEFFTSLELSPMPPEFWEGSMLEKPADGREVVCHASAWDFYNRKDFRIKQCTRVTMDQLSTVHHEMGHIQYYLQYKDLPVSLRRGANPGFHEAIGDVLALSVSTPEHLHKIGLLDRVTNDTESDINYLLKMALEKIAFLPFGYLVDQWRWGVFSGRTPPSRYNFDWWYLRTKYQGICPPVTRNETHFDAGAKFHVPNVTPYIRYFVSFVLQFQFHEALCKEAGYEGPLHQCDIYRSTKAGAKLRKVLQAGSSRPWQEVLKDMVGLDALDAQPLLKYFQPVTQWLQEQNQQNGEVLGWPEYQWHPPLPDNYPEGIDLVTDEAEASKFVEEYDRTSQVVWNEYAEANWNYNTNITTETSKILLQKNMQIANHTLKYGTQARKFDVNQLQNTTIKRIIKKVQDLERAALPAQELEEYNKILLDMETTYSVATVCHPNGSCLQLEPDLTNVMATSRKYEDLLWAWEGWRDKAGRAILQFYPKYVELINQAARLNGYVDAGDSWRSMYETPSLEQDLERLFQELQPLYLNLHAYVRRALHRHYGAQHINLEGPIPAHLLGNMWAQTWSNIYDLVVPFPSAPSMDTTEAMLKQGWTPRRMFKEADDFFTSLGLLPVPPEFWNKSMLEKPTDGREVVCHASAWDFYNGKDFRIKQCTTVNLEDLVVAHHEMGHIQYFMQYKDLPVALREGANPGFHEAIGDVLALSVSTPKHLHSLNLLSSEGGSDEHDINFLMKMALDKIAFIPFSYLVDQWRWRVFDGSITKENYNQEWWSLRLKYQGLCPPVPRTQGDFDPGAKFHIPSSVPYIRYFVSFIIQFQFHEALCQAAGHTGPLHKCDIYQSKEAGQRLATAMKLGFSRPWPEAMQLITGQPNMSASAMLSYFKPLLDWLRTENELHGEKLGWPQYNWTPNSARSEGPLPDSGRVSFLGLDLDAQQARVGQWLLLFLGIALLVATLGLSQRLFSIRHRSLHRHSHGPQFGSEVELRHS
Proteomes:: UP000005640

Subcellular location

Subcellular Location:: Angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble form: Secreted.; Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Cytoplasm

Function

Function:: Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II by release of the terminal His-Leu, this results in an increase of the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin. Also able to inactivate bradykinin, a potent vasodilator. Has also a glycosidase activity which releases GPI-anchored proteins from the membrane by cleaving the mannose linkage in the GPI moiety.
Catalytic Activity:: Release of a C-terminal dipeptide, oligopeptide-|-Xaa-Yaa, when Xaa is not Pro, and Yaa is neither Asp nor Glu. Thus, conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, with increase in vasoconstrictor activity, but no action on angiotensin II.
Cofactor:: COFACTOR: Name=Zn(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29105; ; Note=Binds 2 Zn(2+) ions per subunit.;; COFACTOR: Isoform Testis-specific: Name=Zn(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29105; ; Note=Isoform Testis-specific only binds 1 Zn(2+) ion per subunit.;; COFACTOR: Name=chloride; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:17996; ; Note=Binds 3 chloride ions per subunit.;
Kinetics:: BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Kinetic parameters: KM=2.51 mM for Hip-His-Leu
Enzyme Regulation:: ENZYME REGULATION: Strongly activated by chloride. Specifically inhibited by lisinopril, captopril and enalaprilat.
Active Site:: ACT_SITE 391 391 1.; ACT_SITE 989 989 2.
Cross Reference Drug Bank:: DB00542 DB00616 DB01197 DB01340 DB00584 DB00492 DB00722 DB00691 DB00790 DB00881 DB00178 DB01180 DB01348 DB00519
Gene Ontology Go:: endosome
external side of plasma membrane
extracellular exosome
extracellular region
extracellular space
integral component of membrane
lysosome
plasma membrane
actin binding
bradykinin receptor binding
carboxypeptidase activity
chloride ion binding
drug binding
endopeptidase activity
exopeptidase activity
metallopeptidase activity
mitogen-activated protein kinase binding
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding
peptidyl-dipeptidase activity
tripeptidyl-peptidase activity
zinc ion binding
angiotensin catabolic process in blood
angiotensin maturation
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
arachidonic acid secretion
beta-amyloid metabolic process
blood vessel remodeling
cell proliferation in bone marrow
cellular protein metabolic process
heart contraction
hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
hormone catabolic process
kidney development
mononuclear cell proliferation
negative regulation of gap junction assembly
neutrophil mediated immunity
peptide catabolic process
positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity
regulation of angiotensin metabolic process
regulation of blood pressure
regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation
regulation of renal output by angiotensin
regulation of smooth muscle cell migration
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin
regulation of vasoconstriction
regulation of vasodilation
spermatogenesis
Gene Ontology Biological Process:: angiotensin catabolic process in blood
angiotensin maturation
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
arachidonic acid secretion
beta-amyloid metabolic process
blood vessel remodeling
cell proliferation in bone marrow
cellular protein metabolic process
heart contraction
hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
hormone catabolic process
kidney development
mononuclear cell proliferation
negative regulation of gap junction assembly
neutrophil mediated immunity
peptide catabolic process
positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity
regulation of angiotensin metabolic process
regulation of blood pressure
regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation
regulation of renal output by angiotensin
regulation of smooth muscle cell migration
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin
regulation of vasoconstriction
regulation of vasodilation
spermatogenesis
Gene Ontology Molecular Function:: actin binding
bradykinin receptor binding
carboxypeptidase activity
chloride ion binding
drug binding
endopeptidase activity
exopeptidase activity
metallopeptidase activity
mitogen-activated protein kinase binding
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding
peptidyl-dipeptidase activity
tripeptidyl-peptidase activity
zinc ion binding
Gene Ontology Cellular Component:: endosome
external side of plasma membrane
extracellular exosome
extracellular region
extracellular space
integral component of membrane
lysosome
plasma membrane
Keywords:: 3D-structure
Alternative splicing
Carboxypeptidase
Cell membrane
Complete proteome
Cytoplasm
Direct protein sequencing
Disulfide bond
Glycoprotein
Hydrolase
Membrane
Metal-binding
Metalloprotease
Phosphoprotein
Polymorphism
Protease
Reference proteome
Repeat
Secreted
Signal
Transmembrane
Transmembrane helix
Zinc

Names & Taxonomy

Structure

Subcellular location

Function

Publication