Names & Taxonomy

Uniprot ID:
P08686
Entry Name:
CP21A_HUMAN
Status:
reviewed
Protein Names:
Steroid 21-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.14.16) (21-OHase) (Cytochrome P-450c21) (Cytochrome P450 21) (Cytochrome P450 XXI) (Cytochrome P450-C21) (Cytochrome P450-C21B)
Gene Names:
CYP21A2 CYP21 CYP21B
Gene Names Primary:
CYP21A2
Organism:
Homo sapiens (Human)

Structure

Length:
494
Sequence:
MLLLGLLLLPLLAGARLLWNWWKLRSLHLPPLAPGFLHLLQPDLPIYLLGLTQKFGPIYRLHLGLQDVVVLNSKRTIEEAMVKKWADFAGRPEPLTYKLVSKNYPDLSLGDYSLLWKAHKKLTRSALLLGIRDSMEPVVEQLTQEFCERMRAQPGTPVAIEEEFSLLTCSIICYLTFGDKIKDDNLMPAYYKCIQEVLKTWSHWSIQIVDVIPFLRFFPNPGLRRLKQAIEKRDHIVEMQLRQHKESLVAGQWRDMMDYMLQGVAQPSMEEGSGQLLEGHVHMAAVDLLIGGTETTANTLSWAVVFLLHHPEIQQRLQEELDHELGPGASSSRVPYKDRARLPLLNATIAEVLRLRPVVPLALPHRTTRPSSISGYDIPEGTVIIPNLQGAHLDETVWERPHEFWPDRFLEPGKNSRALAFGCGARVCLGEPLARLELFVVLTRLLQAFTLLPSGDALPSLQPLPHCSVILKMQPFQVRLQPRGMGAHSPGQNQ
Proteomes:
UP000005640

Subcellular location

Subcellular Location:
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein.

Function

Function:
Specifically catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of steroids. Required for the adrenal synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids (PubMed:22014889).
Catalytic Activity:
A C(21) steroid + + O(2) = a 21-hydroxy-C(21)-steroid + + H(2)O.
Cofactor:
COFACTOR: Name=heme; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:30413;
Kinetics:
BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Kinetic parameters: KM=1.59 uM for 17-hydroxyprogesterone
Cross Reference Drug Bank:
DB01026
Gene Ontology Go:
endoplasmic reticulum membrane
heme binding
iron ion binding
steroid 21-monooxygenase activity
steroid binding
steroid hydroxylase activity
glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
mineralocorticoid biosynthetic process
small molecule metabolic process
steroid biosynthetic process
steroid metabolic process
sterol metabolic process
xenobiotic metabolic process
Gene Ontology Biological Process:
glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
mineralocorticoid biosynthetic process
small molecule metabolic process
steroid biosynthetic process
steroid metabolic process
sterol metabolic process
xenobiotic metabolic process
Gene Ontology Molecular Function:
heme binding
iron ion binding
steroid 21-monooxygenase activity
steroid binding
steroid hydroxylase activity
Gene Ontology Cellular Component:
endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Keywords:
3D-structure
Alternative splicing
Complete proteome
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Disease mutation
Endoplasmic reticulum
Heme
Iron
Lipid-binding
Membrane
Metal-binding
Microsome
Monooxygenase
Oxidoreductase
Polymorphism
Reference proteome
Steroid-binding
Steroidogenesis

Publication

PubMed ID:
3486422 3487786 3038528 3267225 1406709 19505723 14702039 14574404 15489334 8485582 3871526 3257825 3497399 25855791 1864962 8081391 3260007 2303461 1937474 2072928 1644925 1406699 1496017 8478006 7749410 9067760 9187661 8989258 9580109 9497336 10198222 10364682 10094562 10408778 10408786 10443693 10496074 10051010 10391209 10720040 11598371 11232002 11600539 11746135 12222711 12050257 12213891 12887291 12788866 12915679 14715874 14676460 15126570 15110320 16046588 16984992 18319307 18381579 18445671 20080860 21169732 22014889