Names & Taxonomy
- Uniprot ID:
- Q15046
- Entry Name:
- SYK_HUMAN
- Status:
- reviewed
- Protein Names:
- Lysine--tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.6) (Lysyl-tRNA synthetase) (LysRS)
- Gene Names:
- KARS KIAA0070
- Gene Names Primary:
- KARS
- Organism:
- Homo sapiens (Human)
Structure
- Length:
- 597
- Sequence:
- MAAVQAAEVKVDGSEPKLSKNELKRRLKAEKKVAEKEAKQKELSEKQLSQATAAATNHTTDNGVGPEEESVDPNQYYKIRSQAIHQLKVNGEDPYPHKFHVDISLTDFIQKYSHLQPGDHLTDITLKVAGRIHAKRASGGKLIFYDLRGEGVKLQVMANSRNYKSEEEFIHINNKLRRGDIIGVQGNPGKTKKGELSIIPYEITLLSPCLHMLPHLHFGLKDKETRYRQRYLDLILNDFVRQKFIIRSKIITYIRSFLDELGFLEIETPMMNIIPGGAVAKPFITYHNELDMNLYMRIAPELYHKMLVVGGIDRVYEIGRQFRNEGIDLTHNPEFTTCEFYMAYADYHDLMEITEKMVSGMVKHITGSYKVTYHPDGPEGQAYDVDFTPPFRRINMVEELEKALGMKLPETNLFETEETRKILDDICVAKAVECPPPRTTARLLDKLVGEFLEVTCINPTFICDHPQIMSPLAKWHRSKEGLTERFELFVMKKEICNAYTELNDPMRQRQLFEEQAKAKAAGDDEAMFIDENFCTALEYGLPPTAGWGMGIDRVAMFLTDSNNIKEVLLFPAMKPEDKKENVATTDTLESTTVGTSV
- Proteomes:
- UP000005640
Subcellular location
- Subcellular Location:
- Isoform Cytoplasmic: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Secreted. Note=Secretion is induced by TNF-alpha.; Isoform Mitochondrial: Mitochondrion.
Function
- Function:
- Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. When secreted, acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response through the activation of monocyte/macrophages. Catalyzes the synthesis of diadenosine oligophosphate (Ap4A), a signaling molecule involved in the activation of MITF transcriptional activity. Interacts with HIV-1 virus GAG protein, facilitating the selective packaging of tRNA(3)(Lys), the primer for reverse transcription initiation.
- Catalytic Activity:
- ATP + L-lysine + tRNA(Lys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-lysyl-tRNA(Lys).
- Cofactor:
- COFACTOR: Name=Ca(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29108;
- Enzyme Regulation:
- ENZYME REGULATION: Up-regulated by DARS and EEF1A1, but not by AIMP2.
- Cross Reference Drug Bank:
- DB00123
- Gene Ontology Go:
- aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex
cytoplasm
cytosol
extracellular region
microtubule cytoskeleton
mitochondrial matrix
mitochondrion
nucleus
plasma membrane
amino acid binding
ATP binding
lysine-tRNA ligase activity
metal ion binding
tRNA binding
cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process
gene expression
lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation
selenium compound metabolic process
small molecule metabolic process
tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation
tRNA processing
viral process - Gene Ontology Biological Process:
- cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process
gene expression
lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation
selenium compound metabolic process
small molecule metabolic process
tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation
tRNA processing
viral process - Gene Ontology Molecular Function:
- amino acid binding
ATP binding
lysine-tRNA ligase activity
metal ion binding
tRNA binding - Gene Ontology Cellular Component:
- aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex
cytoplasm
cytosol
extracellular region
microtubule cytoskeleton
mitochondrial matrix
mitochondrion
nucleus
plasma membrane - Keywords:
- 3D-structure
ATP-binding
Acetylation
Alternative splicing
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Cell membrane
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Complete proteome
Cytoplasm
Deafness
Direct protein sequencing
Disease mutation
Host-virus interaction
Ligase
Membrane
Metal-binding
Mitochondrion
Neurodegeneration
Neuropathy
Non-syndromic deafness
Nucleotide-binding
Nucleus
Phosphoprotein
Polymorphism
Protein biosynthesis
Reference proteome
Secreted - Interacts With:
- Q13155; P08865