Names & Taxonomy
- Uniprot ID:
- Q09470
- Entry Name:
- KCNA1_HUMAN
- Status:
- reviewed
- Protein Names:
- Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 (Voltage-gated K(+) channel HuKI) (Voltage-gated potassium channel HBK1) (Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv1.1)
- Gene Names:
- KCNA1
- Gene Names Primary:
- KCNA1
- Organism:
- Homo sapiens (Human)
Structure
- Length:
- 495
- Sequence:
- MTVMSGENVDEASAAPGHPQDGSYPRQADHDDHECCERVVINISGLRFETQLKTLAQFPNTLLGNPKKRMRYFDPLRNEYFFDRNRPSFDAILYYYQSGGRLRRPVNVPLDMFSEEIKFYELGEEAMEKFREDEGFIKEEERPLPEKEYQRQVWLLFEYPESSGPARVIAIVSVMVILISIVIFCLETLPELKDDKDFTGTVHRIDNTTVIYNSNIFTDPFFIVETLCIIWFSFELVVRFFACPSKTDFFKNIMNFIDIVAIIPYFITLGTEIAEQEGNQKGEQATSLAILRVIRLVRVFRIFKLSRHSKGLQILGQTLKASMRELGLLIFFLFIGVILFSSAVYFAEAEEAESHFSSIPDAFWWAVVSMTTVGYGDMYPVTIGGKIVGSLCAIAGVLTIALPVPVIVSNFNYFYHRETEGEEQAQLLHVSSPNLASDSDLSRRSSSTMSKSEYMEIEEDMNNSIAHYRQVNIRTANCTTANQNCVNKSKLLTDV
- Proteomes:
- UP000005640
Subcellular location
- Subcellular Location:
- Cell membrane
- Intramembrane:
- INTRAMEM 360 371 Helical; Name=Pore helix.
Function
- Function:
- Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and the central nervous system, but also in the kidney (PubMed:19903818). Contributes to the regulation of the membrane potential and nerve signaling, and prevents neuronal hyperexcitability (PubMed:17156368). Forms tetrameric potassium-selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane (PubMed:19912772). Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNA4, KCNA5, KCNA6, KCNA7, and possibly other family members as well; channel properties depend on the type of alpha subunits that are part of the channel (PubMed:12077175, PubMed:17156368). Channel properties are modulated by cytoplasmic beta subunits that regulate the subcellular location of the alpha subunits and promote rapid inactivation of delayed rectifier potassium channels (PubMed:12077175, PubMed:17156368). In vivo, membranes probably contain a mixture of heteromeric potassium channel complexes, making it difficult to assign currents observed in intact tissues to any particular potassium channel family member. Homotetrameric KCNA1 forms a delayed-rectifier potassium channel that opens in response to membrane depolarization, followed by slow spontaneous channel closure (PubMed:19912772, PubMed:19968958, PubMed:19307729, PubMed:19903818). In contrast, a heterotetrameric channel formed by KCNA1 and KCNA4 shows rapid inactivation (PubMed:17156368). Regulates neuronal excitability in hippocampus, especially in mossy fibers and medial perforant path axons, preventing neuronal hyperexcitability. Response to toxins that are selective for KCNA1, respectively for KCNA2, suggests that heteromeric potassium channels composed of both KCNA1 and KCNA2 play a role in pacemaking and regulate the output of deep cerebellar nuclear neurons (By similarity). May function as down-stream effector for G protein-coupled receptors and inhibit GABAergic inputs to basolateral amygdala neurons (By similarity). May contribute to the regulation of neurotransmitter release, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release (By similarity). Plays a role in regulating the generation of action potentials and preventing hyperexcitability in myelinated axons of the vagus nerve, and thereby contributes to the regulation of heart contraction (By similarity). Required for normal neuromuscular responses (PubMed:11026449, PubMed:17136396). Regulates the frequency of neuronal action potential firing in response to mechanical stimuli, and plays a role in the perception of pain caused by mechanical stimuli, but does not play a role in the perception of pain due to heat stimuli (By similarity). Required for normal responses to auditory stimuli and precise location of sound sources, but not for sound perception (By similarity). The use of toxins that block specific channels suggest that it contributes to the regulation of the axonal release of the neurotransmitter dopamine (By similarity). Required for normal postnatal brain development and normal proliferation of neuronal precursor cells in the brain (By similarity). Plays a role in the reabsorption of Mg(2+) in the distal convoluted tubules in the kidney and in magnesium ion homeostasis, probably via its effect on the membrane potential (PubMed:23903368, PubMed:19307729).
- Enzyme Regulation:
- ENZYME REGULATION: Inhibited by 1.1 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and by 20 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA), but not by charybdotoxin (CTX)(PubMed:19912772). Inhibited by dendrotoxin (DTX) (PubMed:19307729).
- Cross Reference Drug Bank:
- DB00321 DB06637 DB01189 DB00228 DB00753 DB01028 DB01115 DB01236
- Gene Ontology Go:
- apical plasma membrane
axon terminus
cell junction
cell surface
cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded vesicle
cytosol
dendrite
endoplasmic reticulum
integral component of plasma membrane
juxtaparanode region of axon
neuronal cell body
paranode region of axon
perikaryon
plasma membrane
presynaptic membrane
synapse
voltage-gated potassium channel complex
delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
potassium channel activity
potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
voltage-gated potassium channel activity
cell communication by electrical coupling
cellular protein localization
cellular response to magnesium ion
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch
hippocampus development
magnesium ion homeostasis
neuroblast proliferation
neuromuscular process
neuronal action potential
neuronal signal transduction
potassium ion transmembrane transport
potassium ion transport
protein homooligomerization
regulation of membrane potential
regulation of muscle contraction
startle response
synaptic transmission - Gene Ontology Biological Process:
- cell communication by electrical coupling
cellular protein localization
cellular response to magnesium ion
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch
hippocampus development
magnesium ion homeostasis
neuroblast proliferation
neuromuscular process
neuronal action potential
neuronal signal transduction
potassium ion transmembrane transport
potassium ion transport
protein homooligomerization
regulation of membrane potential
regulation of muscle contraction
startle response
synaptic transmission - Gene Ontology Molecular Function:
- delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
potassium channel activity
potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
voltage-gated potassium channel activity - Gene Ontology Cellular Component:
- apical plasma membrane
axon terminus
cell junction
cell surface
cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded vesicle
cytosol
dendrite
endoplasmic reticulum
integral component of plasma membrane
juxtaparanode region of axon
neuronal cell body
paranode region of axon
perikaryon
plasma membrane
presynaptic membrane
synapse
voltage-gated potassium channel complex - Keywords:
- 3D-structure
Cell junction
Cell membrane
Cell projection
Complete proteome
Cytoplasmic vesicle
Disease mutation
Endoplasmic reticulum
Glycoprotein
Ion channel
Ion transport
Lipoprotein
Membrane
Palmitate
Phosphoprotein
Polymorphism
Potassium
Potassium channel
Potassium transport
RNA editing
Reference proteome
Synapse
Transmembrane
Transmembrane helix
Transport
Voltage-gated channel - Interacts With:
- Q62936; P78352