Names & Taxonomy
- Uniprot ID:
- Q06278
- Entry Name:
- AOXA_HUMAN
- Status:
- reviewed
- Protein Names:
- Aldehyde oxidase (EC 1.2.3.1) (Aldehyde oxidase 1) (Azaheterocycle hydroxylase) (EC 1.17.3.-)
- Gene Names:
- AOX1 AO
- Gene Names Primary:
- AOX1
- Organism:
- Homo sapiens (Human)
Structure
- Length:
- 1338
- Sequence:
- MDRASELLFYVNGRKVIEKNVDPETMLLPYLRKKLRLTGTKYGCGGGGCGACTVMISRYNPITKRIRHHPANACLIPICSLYGAAVTTVEGIGSTHTRIHPVQERIAKCHGTQCGFCTPGMVMSIYTLLRNHPEPTLDQLTDALGGNLCRCTGYRPIIDACKTFCKTSGCCQSKENGVCCLDQGINGLPEFEEGSKTSPKLFAEEEFLPLDPTQELIFPPELMIMAEKQSQRTRVFGSERMMWFSPVTLKELLEFKFKYPQAPVIMGNTSVGPEVKFKGVFHPVIISPDRIEELSVVNHAYNGLTLGAGLSLAQVKDILADVVQKLPEEKTQMYHALLKHLGTLAGSQIRNMASLGGHIISRHPDSDLNPILAVGNCTLNLLSKEGKRQIPLNEQFLSKCPNADLKPQEILVSVNIPYSRKWEFVSAFRQAQRQENALAIVNSGMRVFFGEGDGIIRELCISYGGVGPATICAKNSCQKLIGRHWNEQMLDIACRLILNEVSLLGSAPGGKVEFKRTLIISFLFKFYLEVSQILKKMDPVHYPSLADKYESALEDLHSKHHCSTLKYQNIGPKQHPEDPIGHPIMHLSGVKHATGEAIYCDDMPLVDQELFLTFVTSSRAHAKIVSIDLSEALSMPGVVDIMTAEHLSDVNSFCFFTEAEKFLATDKVFCVGQLVCAVLADSEVQAKRAAKRVKIVYQDLEPLILTIEESIQHNSSFKPERKLEYGNVDEAFKVVDQILEGEIHMGGQEHFYMETQSMLVVPKGEDQEMDVYVSTQFPKYIQDIVASTLKLPANKVMCHVRRVGGAFGGKVLKTGIIAAVTAFAANKHGRAVRCVLERGEDMLITGGRHPYLGKYKAGFMNDGRILALDMEHYSNAGASLDESLFVIEMGLLKMDNAYKFPNLRCRGWACRTNLPSNTAFRGFGFPQAALITESCITEVAAKCGLSPEKVRIINMYKEIDQTPYKQEINAKNLIQCWRECMAMSSYSLRKVAVEKFNAENYWKKKGLAMVPLKFPVGLGSRAAGQAAALVHIYLDGSVLVTHGGIEMGQGVHTKMIQVVSRELRMPMSNVHLRGTSTETVPNANISGGSVVADLNGLAVKDACQTLLKRLEPIISKNPKGTWKDWAQTAFDESINLSAVGYFRGYESDMNWEKGEGQPFEYFVYGAACSEVEIDCLTGDHKNIRTDIVMDVGCSINPAIDIGQIEGAFIQGMGLYTIEELNYSPQGILHTRGPDQYKIPAICDMPTELHIALLPPSQNSNTLYSSKGLGESGVFLGCSVFFAIHDAVSAARQERGLHGPLTLNSPLTPEKIRMACEDKFTKMIPRDEPGSYVPWNVPI
- Proteomes:
- UP000005640
Subcellular location
- Subcellular Location:
- Cytoplasm
Function
- Function:
- Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide and N-methylphthalazinium, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal, pyridoxal, and vanillin. Plays a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs containing aromatic azaheterocyclic substituents. Participates in the bioactivation of prodrugs such as famciclovir, catalyzing the oxidation step from 6-deoxypenciclovir to penciclovir, which is a potent antiviral agent. Is probably involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis. May be a prominent source of superoxide generation via the one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen. Also may catalyze nitric oxide (NO) production via the reduction of nitrite to NO with NADH or aldehyde as electron donor. May play a role in adipogenesis.
- Catalytic Activity:
- An aldehyde + H(2)O + O(2) = a carboxylate + H(2)O(2).
- Cofactor:
- COFACTOR: Name= cluster; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:49601;
- Kinetics:
- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: ; Kinetic parameters: KM=7.1 uM for benzaldehyde (at 25 degrees Celsius and pH 7.5)
- Enzyme Regulation:
- ENZYME REGULATION: Is very potently inhibited by raloxifene. Also inhibited by estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, hydralazine, menadione, and isovanillin. Not inhibited by allopurinol, a xanthine dehydrogenase potent inhibitor.
- Active Site:
- ACT_SITE 1270 1270 Proton acceptor; for azaheterocycle hydroxylase activity.
- Cross Reference Drug Bank:
- DB00437 DB00513 DB00484 DB00426 DB09054 DB09078 DB00170 DB01033 DB00563 DB00339 DB00481 DB00962 DB00909
- Gene Ontology Go:
- cytoplasm
cytosol
extracellular exosome
2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding
aldehyde oxidase activity
electron carrier activity
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
iron ion binding
molybdopterin cofactor binding
NAD binding
oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
xanthine dehydrogenase activity
inflammatory response
reactive oxygen species metabolic process
small molecule metabolic process
vitamin B6 metabolic process
vitamin metabolic process
water-soluble vitamin metabolic process
xanthine catabolic process - Gene Ontology Biological Process:
- inflammatory response
reactive oxygen species metabolic process
small molecule metabolic process
vitamin B6 metabolic process
vitamin metabolic process
water-soluble vitamin metabolic process
xanthine catabolic process - Gene Ontology Molecular Function:
- 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding
aldehyde oxidase activity
electron carrier activity
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
iron ion binding
molybdopterin cofactor binding
NAD binding
oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
xanthine dehydrogenase activity - Gene Ontology Cellular Component:
- cytoplasm
cytosol
extracellular exosome - Keywords:
- 2Fe-2S
3D-structure
Complete proteome
Cytoplasm
FAD
Flavoprotein
Iron
Iron-sulfur
Metal-binding
Molybdenum
Oxidoreductase
Phosphoprotein
Polymorphism
Reference proteome