Names & Taxonomy
- Uniprot ID:
- P45984
- Entry Name:
- MK09_HUMAN
- Status:
- reviewed
- Protein Names:
- Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (MAP kinase 9) (MAPK 9) (EC 2.7.11.24) (JNK-55) (Stress-activated protein kinase 1a) (SAPK1a) (Stress-activated protein kinase JNK2) (c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2)
- Gene Names:
- MAPK9 JNK2 PRKM9 SAPK1A
- Gene Names Primary:
- MAPK9
- Organism:
- Homo sapiens (Human)
Structure
- Length:
- 424
- Sequence:
- MSDSKCDSQFYSVQVADSTFTVLKRYQQLKPIGSGAQGIVCAAFDTVLGINVAVKKLSRPFQNQTHAKRAYRELVLLKCVNHKNIISLLNVFTPQKTLEEFQDVYLVMELMDANLCQVIHMELDHERMSYLLYQMLCGIKHLHSAGIIHRDLKPSNIVVKSDCTLKILDFGLARTACTNFMMTPYVVTRYYRAPEVILGMGYKENVDIWSVGCIMGELVKGCVIFQGTDHIDQWNKVIEQLGTPSAEFMKKLQPTVRNYVENRPKYPGIKFEELFPDWIFPSESERDKIKTSQARDLLSKMLVIDPDKRISVDEALRHPYITVWYDPAEAEAPPPQIYDAQLEEREHAIEEWKELIYKEVMDWEERSKNGVVKDQPSDAAVSSNATPSQSSSINDISSMSTEQTLASDTDSSLDASTGPLEGCR
- Proteomes:
- UP000005640
Subcellular location
- Subcellular Location:
- Cytoplasm
Function
- Function:
- Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, transformation and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK9/JNK2. In turn, MAPK9/JNK2 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JUN and ATF2 and thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. In response to oxidative or ribotoxic stresses, inhibits rRNA synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating the RNA polymerase 1-specific transcription initiation factor RRN3. Promotes stressed cell apoptosis by phosphorylating key regulatory factors including TP53 and YAP1. In T-cells, MAPK8 and MAPK9 are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells. Upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, is activated by CARMA1, BCL10, MAP2K7 and MAP3K7/TAK1 to regulate JUN protein levels. Plays an important role in the osmotic stress-induced epithelial tight-junctions disruption. When activated, promotes beta-catenin/CTNNB1 degradation and inhibits the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Participates also in neurite growth in spiral ganglion neurons. Phosphorylates the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer and plays a role in the regulation of the circadian clock (PubMed:22441692).
- Catalytic Activity:
- ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.
- Cofactor:
- COFACTOR: Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420;
- Enzyme Regulation:
- ENZYME REGULATION: Activated by threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation by either of two dual specificity kinases, MAP2K4 and MAP2K7. MAP2K4 shows a strong preference for Tyr-185 while MAP2K7 phosphorylates Tyr-183 preferentially. Inhibited by dual specificity phosphatases, such as DUSP1.
- Active Site:
- ACT_SITE 151 151 Proton acceptor.
- Gene Ontology Go:
- cytosol
mitochondrion
nucleoplasm
ATP binding
cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process
JUN kinase activity
transcription factor binding
cellular response to growth factor stimulus
cellular response to interleukin-1
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
cellular response to tumor necrosis factor
cellular response to UV
central nervous system development
Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway
innate immune response
JNK cascade
MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
neuron projection development
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
positive regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
positive regulation of chemokine production
positive regulation of gene expression
positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
positive regulation of podosome assembly
positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
protein phosphorylation
protein targeting to mitochondrion
regulation of circadian rhythm
regulation of JNK cascade
regulation of protein ubiquitination
regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
response to amine
response to cadmium ion
response to drug
response to mechanical stimulus
response to stress
response to toxic substance
rhythmic process
stress-activated MAPK cascade
toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor signaling pathway
toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway
TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway - Gene Ontology Biological Process:
- cellular response to growth factor stimulus
cellular response to interleukin-1
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
cellular response to tumor necrosis factor
cellular response to UV
central nervous system development
Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway
innate immune response
JNK cascade
MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
neuron projection development
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
positive regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
positive regulation of chemokine production
positive regulation of gene expression
positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
positive regulation of podosome assembly
positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
protein phosphorylation
protein targeting to mitochondrion
regulation of circadian rhythm
regulation of JNK cascade
regulation of protein ubiquitination
regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
response to amine
response to cadmium ion
response to drug
response to mechanical stimulus
response to stress
response to toxic substance
rhythmic process
stress-activated MAPK cascade
toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor signaling pathway
toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway
toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway
TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway - Gene Ontology Molecular Function:
- ATP binding
cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process
JUN kinase activity
transcription factor binding - Gene Ontology Cellular Component:
- cytosol
mitochondrion
nucleoplasm - Keywords:
- 3D-structure
ATP-binding
Alternative splicing
Biological rhythms
Complete proteome
Cytoplasm
Kinase
Nucleotide-binding
Nucleus
Phosphoprotein
Polymorphism
Reference proteome
Serine/threonine-protein kinase
Transferase - Interacts With:
- P49407; P32121; P15336; Q6P1W5; Q9C0F1; Q13363-2; Q5JST6; Q96JM7; Q8TBB1; P50221; Q15427; P34896; A2RU48; P40763; Q8IYF3; O43379