Names & Taxonomy

Uniprot ID:
P35354
Entry Name:
PGH2_HUMAN
Status:
reviewed
Protein Names:
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (EC 1.14.99.1) (Cyclooxygenase-2) (COX-2) (PHS II) (Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2) (PGH synthase 2) (PGHS-2) (Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2)
Gene Names:
PTGS2 COX2
Gene Names Primary:
PTGS2
Organism:
Homo sapiens (Human)

Structure

Length:
604
Sequence:
MLARALLLCAVLALSHTANPCCSHPCQNRGVCMSVGFDQYKCDCTRTGFYGENCSTPEFLTRIKLFLKPTPNTVHYILTHFKGFWNVVNNIPFLRNAIMSYVLTSRSHLIDSPPTYNADYGYKSWEAFSNLSYYTRALPPVPDDCPTPLGVKGKKQLPDSNEIVEKLLLRRKFIPDPQGSNMMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTDHKRGPAFTNGLGHGVDLNHIYGETLARQRKLRLFKDGKMKYQIIDGEMYPPTVKDTQAEMIYPPQVPEHLRFAVGQEVFGLVPGLMMYATIWLREHNRVCDVLKQEHPEWGDEQLFQTSRLILIGETIKIVIEDYVQHLSGYHFKLKFDPELLFNKQFQYQNRIAAEFNTLYHWHPLLPDTFQIHDQKYNYQQFIYNNSILLEHGITQFVESFTRQIAGRVAGGRNVPPAVQKVSQASIDQSRQMKYQSFNEYRKRFMLKPYESFEELTGEKEMSAELEALYGDIDAVELYPALLVEKPRPDAIFGETMVEVGAPFSLKGLMGNVICSPAYWKPSTFGGEVGFQIINTASIQSLICNNVKGCPFTSFSVPDPELIKTVTINASSSRSGLDDINPTVLLKERSTEL
Proteomes:
UP000005640

Subcellular location

Subcellular Location:
Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein.

Function

Function:
Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and brain, and in pathological conditions, such as in cancer. PTGS2 is responsible for production of inflammatory prostaglandins. Up-regulation of PTGS2 is also associated with increased cell adhesion, phenotypic changes, resistance to apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis. In cancer cells, PTGS2 is a key step in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays important roles in modulating motility, proliferation and resistance to apoptosis.
Pathway:
Lipid metabolism; prostaglandin biosynthesis.
Catalytic Activity:
Arachidonate + AH(2) + 2 O(2) = prostaglandin H(2) + A + H(2)O.
Cofactor:
COFACTOR: Name=heme b; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:60344;
Kinetics:
BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Kinetic parameters: KM=16.2 uM for arachidonate (in absence of sodium nitroprusside NO donor)
Active Site:
ACT_SITE 193 193 Proton acceptor.
Cross Reference Drug Bank:
DB00316 DB00945 DB00041 DB00233 DB01435 DB01419 DB01014 DB00963 DB00887 DB06774 DB00821 DB00482 DB00856 DB00515 DB00720 DB00250 DB00035 DB00586 DB00861 DB00154 DB01395 DB00005 DB00749 DB00773 DB01628 DB00573 DB00712 DB01404 DB01050 DB00159 DB00328 DB01009 DB00465 DB00480 DB06725 DB01283 DB01397 DB00939 DB00784 DB00814 DB00244 DB00461 DB00788 DB06802 DB04552 DB04743 DB06804 DB00991 DB08439 DB00812 DB00554 DB08910 DB00884 DB01398 DB00936 DB01399 DB00795 DB00605 DB00870 DB08819 DB00469 DB00360 DB01041 DB01600 DB00500 DB00620 DB01401
Gene Ontology Go:
caveola
cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum lumen
endoplasmic reticulum membrane
neuron projection
nucleus
protein complex
arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase activity
enzyme binding
heme binding
lipid binding
metal ion binding
peroxidase activity
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
angiogenesis
arachidonic acid metabolic process
bone mineralization
brown fat cell differentiation
cellular oxidant detoxification
cellular response to ATP
cellular response to fluid shear stress
cellular response to hypoxia
cellular response to mechanical stimulus
cellular response to UV
cyclooxygenase pathway
decidualization
embryo implantation
hair cycle
inflammatory response
learning
lipoxygenase pathway
maintenance of blood-brain barrier
memory
movement of cell or subcellular component
NAD metabolic process
negative regulation of calcium ion transport
negative regulation of cell cycle
negative regulation of cell proliferation
negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
nicotinamide metabolic process
ovulation
positive regulation of apoptotic process
positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis
positive regulation of fever generation
positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor production
positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production
positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction
positive regulation of synaptic plasticity
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
positive regulation of vasoconstriction
prostaglandin biosynthetic process
prostaglandin metabolic process
regulation of blood pressure
regulation of inflammatory response
response to drug
response to estradiol
response to fatty acid
response to fructose
response to glucocorticoid
response to lipopolysaccharide
response to lithium ion
response to manganese ion
response to oxidative stress
response to tumor necrosis factor
response to vitamin D
sensory perception of pain
small molecule metabolic process
vitamin metabolic process
water-soluble vitamin metabolic process
Gene Ontology Biological Process:
angiogenesis
arachidonic acid metabolic process
bone mineralization
brown fat cell differentiation
cellular oxidant detoxification
cellular response to ATP
cellular response to fluid shear stress
cellular response to hypoxia
cellular response to mechanical stimulus
cellular response to UV
cyclooxygenase pathway
decidualization
embryo implantation
hair cycle
inflammatory response
learning
lipoxygenase pathway
maintenance of blood-brain barrier
memory
movement of cell or subcellular component
NAD metabolic process
negative regulation of calcium ion transport
negative regulation of cell cycle
negative regulation of cell proliferation
negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
nicotinamide metabolic process
ovulation
positive regulation of apoptotic process
positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis
positive regulation of fever generation
positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor production
positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production
positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction
positive regulation of synaptic plasticity
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
positive regulation of vasoconstriction
prostaglandin biosynthetic process
prostaglandin metabolic process
regulation of blood pressure
regulation of inflammatory response
response to drug
response to estradiol
response to fatty acid
response to fructose
response to glucocorticoid
response to lipopolysaccharide
response to lithium ion
response to manganese ion
response to oxidative stress
response to tumor necrosis factor
response to vitamin D
sensory perception of pain
small molecule metabolic process
vitamin metabolic process
water-soluble vitamin metabolic process
Gene Ontology Molecular Function:
arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase activity
enzyme binding
heme binding
lipid binding
metal ion binding
peroxidase activity
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
Gene Ontology Cellular Component:
caveola
cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum lumen
endoplasmic reticulum membrane
neuron projection
nucleus
protein complex
Keywords:
3D-structure
Complete proteome
Dioxygenase
Disulfide bond
Endoplasmic reticulum
Fatty acid biosynthesis
Fatty acid metabolism
Glycoprotein
Heme
Iron
Lipid biosynthesis
Lipid metabolism
Membrane
Metal-binding
Microsome
Oxidoreductase
Peroxidase
Polymorphism
Prostaglandin biosynthesis
Prostaglandin metabolism
Reference proteome
S-nitrosylation
Signal

Publication

PubMed ID:
8473346 1380156 8181472 7945196 14702039 16710414 15489334 7947975 16373578 17113084 15308583 10966456 24605250